Architecture

Le nouveau siège du FCBA prend forme

<p> <span data-scayt_word="C’est" data-scaytid="1">C&rsquo;est</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="2">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="Champs-sur-Marne" data-scaytid="3">Champs-sur-Marne</span>, au <span data-scayt_word="sein" data-scaytid="4">sein</span> de la <span data-scayt_word="cité" data-scaytid="5">cit&eacute;</span> Descartes, <span data-scayt_word="que" data-scaytid="6">que</span> le <span data-scayt_word="FCBA" data-scaytid="7">FCBA</span> <span data-scayt_word="construit" data-scaytid="8">construit</span> son nouveau <span data-scayt_word="siège" data-scaytid="9">si&egrave;ge</span> social. Un <span data-scayt_word="bâtiment" data-scaytid="10">b&acirc;timent</span> qui fait, <span data-scayt_word="bien" data-scaytid="11">bien</span> <span data-scayt_word="évidemment" data-scaytid="12">&eacute;videmment</span>, la part belle au bois.<br /> &nbsp;</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 3 min

Le permis de construire de la Samaritaine validé par la justice

<p> Le tribunal <span data-scayt_word="administratif" data-scaytid="142">administratif</span> de Paris a <span data-scayt_word="rejeté" data-scaytid="143">rejet&eacute;</span> la <span data-scayt_word="demande" data-scaytid="1">demande</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'annulation" data-scaytid="2">d&#39;annulation</span> du <span data-scayt_word="permis" data-scaytid="147">permis</span> de <span data-scayt_word="construire" data-scaytid="148">construire</span> <span data-scayt_word="portant" data-scaytid="3">portant</span> <span data-scayt_word="sur" data-scaytid="150">sur</span> la <span data-scayt_word="rénovation" data-scaytid="151">r&eacute;novation</span> du <span data-scayt_word="magasin" data-scaytid="152">magasin</span> <span data-scayt_word="parisien" data-scaytid="4">parisien</span> la <span data-scayt_word="Samaritaine" data-scaytid="154">Samaritaine</span> <span data-scayt_word="formulée" data-scaytid="5">formul&eacute;e</span> par <span data-scayt_word="une" data-scaytid="156">une</span> association.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min • 1

Le prix Pritzker décerné à Shigeru Ban

<p> <span data-scayt_word="L'architecte" data-scaytid="21">L&#39;architecte</span> <span data-scayt_word="japonais" data-scaytid="22">japonais</span> Shigeru Ban, <span data-scayt_word="spécialiste" data-scaytid="23">sp&eacute;cialiste</span> des structures en carton et <span data-scayt_word="autres" data-scaytid="24">autres</span> <span data-scayt_word="matériaux" data-scaytid="25">mat&eacute;riaux</span> &quot;humbles&quot; <span data-scayt_word="vient" data-scaytid="26">vient</span> de se <span data-scayt_word="voir" data-scaytid="27">voir</span> <span data-scayt_word="décerner" data-scaytid="28">d&eacute;cerner</span> le prix <span data-scayt_word="Pritzker" data-scaytid="29">Pritzker</span> 2014.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min

Cinq architectes en lice pour l'école de photos d'Arles

<p> <span data-scayt_word="Cinq" data-scaytid="1">Cinq</span> <span data-scayt_word="équipes" data-scaytid="2">&eacute;quipes</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'architectes" data-scaytid="3">d&#39;architectes</span> <span data-scayt_word="sont" data-scaytid="4">sont</span> encore en lice pour le <span data-scayt_word="projet" data-scaytid="5">projet</span> de <span data-scayt_word="l'Ecole" data-scaytid="6">l&#39;Ecole</span> <span data-scayt_word="nationale" data-scaytid="7">nationale</span> <span data-scayt_word="supérieure" data-scaytid="8">sup&eacute;rieure</span> de la <span data-scayt_word="photographie" data-scaytid="9">photographie</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'Arles" data-scaytid="10">d&#39;Arles</span> (<span data-scayt_word="ENSP" data-scaytid="480">ENSP</span>). Le <span data-scayt_word="lauréat" data-scaytid="13">laur&eacute;at</span> sera <span data-scayt_word="connu" data-scaytid="243">connu</span> en <span data-scayt_word="juin" data-scaytid="262">juin</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 1 min

Jean Nouvel cède la présidence de son agence

<p> <span data-scayt_word="L'architecte" data-scaytid="530">L&#39;architecte</span> Jean <span data-scayt_word="Nouvel" data-scaytid="1">Nouvel</span> <span data-scayt_word="s'est" data-scaytid="2">s&#39;est</span> <span data-scayt_word="associé" data-scaytid="3">associ&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="avec" data-scaytid="4">avec</span> la <span data-scayt_word="société" data-scaytid="5">soci&eacute;t&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="Hugar" data-scaytid="627">Hugar</span>, par la <span data-scayt_word="voie" data-scaytid="553">voie</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'une" data-scaytid="568">d&#39;une</span> augmentation de capital, <span data-scayt_word="afin" data-scaytid="12">afin</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'accompagner" data-scaytid="13">d&#39;accompagner</span> le <span data-scayt_word="développement" data-scaytid="14">d&eacute;veloppement</span> de son <span data-scayt_word="agence" data-scaytid="15">agence</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="16">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="l'international" data-scaytid="18">l&#39;international</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min

Le Louvre Abu Dhabi, futur Venise des sables

<p> Le Louvre Abu Dhabi, <span data-scayt_word="voulu" data-scaytid="1">voulu</span> <span data-scayt_word="comme" data-scaytid="2">comme</span> un <span data-scayt_word="musée" data-scaytid="3">mus&eacute;e</span> <span data-scayt_word="universel" data-scaytid="4">universel</span> par un riche <span data-scayt_word="émirat" data-scaytid="6">&eacute;mirat</span>, commence <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="9">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="prendre" data-scaytid="10">prendre</span> <span data-scayt_word="forme" data-scaytid="11">forme</span> <span data-scayt_word="sur" data-scaytid="12">sur</span> <span data-scayt_word="l'île" data-scaytid="13">l&#39;&icirc;le</span> de <span data-scayt_word="Saadiyat" data-scaytid="14">Saadiyat</span>, au large de la <span data-scayt_word="capitale" data-scaytid="15">capitale</span> des <span data-scayt_word="Emirats" data-scaytid="16">Emirats</span> <span data-scayt_word="arabes" data-scaytid="17">arabes</span> <span data-scayt_word="unis" data-scaytid="18">unis.</span></p>

07 janv. 2026 • 4 min

Le projet de rénovation de la Samaritaine à nouveau examiné

<p> La <span data-scayt_word="demande" data-scaytid="1">demande</span> de suspension du <span data-scayt_word="permis" data-scaytid="2">permis</span> de <span data-scayt_word="construire" data-scaytid="3">construire</span> <span data-scayt_word="portant" data-scaytid="4">portant</span> <span data-scayt_word="sur" data-scaytid="5">sur</span> la <span data-scayt_word="rénovation" data-scaytid="6">r&eacute;novation</span> de la <span data-scayt_word="Samaritaine" data-scaytid="7">Samaritaine</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="8">&agrave;</span> Paris sera de nouveau <span data-scayt_word="examinée" data-scaytid="9">examin&eacute;e</span> en <span data-scayt_word="référé" data-scaytid="10">r&eacute;f&eacute;r&eacute;</span> par le tribunal <span data-scayt_word="administratif" data-scaytid="11">administratif</span>, <span data-scayt_word="selon" data-scaytid="1538">selon</span> le <span data-scayt_word="Conseil" data-scaytid="13">Conseil</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'État" data-scaytid="14">d&#39;&Eacute;tat</span></p>

07 janv. 2026 • 3 min

Naissance d’un nouveau concept hôtelier à Nantes

<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"> <span style="color:black"><span data-scayt_word="C’est" data-scaytid="97">C&rsquo;est</span> en <span data-scayt_word="plein" data-scaytid="98">plein</span> <span data-scayt_word="centre" data-scaytid="99">centre</span> de <span data-scayt_word="Nantes" data-scaytid="100">Nantes</span> <span data-scayt_word="que" data-scaytid="101">que</span> <span data-scayt_word="vient" data-scaytid="102">vient</span> <span data-scayt_word="d’être" data-scaytid="103">d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre</span> <span data-scayt_word="inauguré" data-scaytid="104">inaugur&eacute;</span> le <span data-scayt_word="1er" data-scaytid="105">1er</span> <span data-scayt_word="établissement" data-scaytid="106">&eacute;tablissement</span> de la nouvelle <span data-scayt_word="chaîne" data-scaytid="107">cha&icirc;ne</span> <span data-scayt_word="hôtelière" data-scaytid="108">h&ocirc;teli&egrave;re</span> 4 <span data-scayt_word="étoiles" data-scaytid="109">&eacute;toiles</span> <span data-scayt_word="Okko" data-scaytid="110">Okko</span> Hotels. <span data-scayt_word="Retour" data-scaytid="111">Retour</span> <span data-scayt_word="sur" data-scaytid="112">sur</span> un concept <span data-scayt_word="novateur" data-scaytid="113">novateur</span>. &copy; <span data-scayt_word="Jérôme" data-scaytid="114">J&eacute;r&ocirc;me</span> <span data-scayt_word="Galland" data-scaytid="115">Galland</span></span></p>

07 janv. 2026 • 3 min

La rénovation du Carreau du temple terminée

<p> Le <span data-scayt_word="Carreau" data-scaytid="1">Carreau</span> du Temple, <span data-scayt_word="ancien" data-scaytid="2">ancien</span> <span data-scayt_word="marché" data-scaytid="3">march&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="couvert" data-scaytid="4">couvert</span> <span data-scayt_word="typique" data-scaytid="5">typique</span> de <span data-scayt_word="l'architecture" data-scaytid="6">l&#39;architecture</span> <span data-scayt_word="métallique" data-scaytid="7">m&eacute;tallique</span> <span data-scayt_word="parisienne" data-scaytid="8">parisienne</span> de la fin du <span data-scayt_word="19e" data-scaytid="9">19e</span> <span data-scayt_word="siècle" data-scaytid="10">si&egrave;cle</span>, a <span data-scayt_word="été" data-scaytid="11">&eacute;t&eacute;</span>&nbsp;<span data-scayt_word="entièrement" data-scaytid="12">enti&egrave;rement</span> <span data-scayt_word="rénové" data-scaytid="13">r&eacute;nov&eacute;</span>, et <span data-scayt_word="inauguré" data-scaytid="14">inaugur&eacute;</span> par Bertrand <span data-scayt_word="Delanoë" data-scaytid="15">Delano&euml;</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min • 1

Le Grand Palais sera réaménagé par l'agence française LAN

<p> Le Grand <span data-scayt_word="Palais" data-scaytid="1">Palais</span> sera <span data-scayt_word="réaménagé" data-scaytid="2">r&eacute;am&eacute;nag&eacute;</span> par <span data-scayt_word="l'agence" data-scaytid="3">l&#39;agence</span> LAN, <span data-scayt_word="formée" data-scaytid="4">form&eacute;e</span> de <span data-scayt_word="jeunes" data-scaytid="5">jeunes</span> <span data-scayt_word="architectes" data-scaytid="6">architectes</span> <span data-scayt_word="français" data-scaytid="7">fran&ccedil;ais</span>, <span data-scayt_word="choisie" data-scaytid="1141">choisie</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="1142">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="l'unanimité" data-scaytid="1205">l&#39;unanimit&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="dès" data-scaytid="1206">d&egrave;s</span> le premier tour, <span data-scayt_word="selon" data-scaytid="1261">selon</span>&nbsp; le <span data-scayt_word="ministère" data-scaytid="10">minist&egrave;re</span> de la Culture.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 3 min

Front commun contre un projet de tour à Paris

<p> Des <span data-scayt_word="représentants" data-scaytid="1">repr&eacute;sentants</span> de <span data-scayt_word="partis" data-scaytid="2">partis</span> <span data-scayt_word="aussi" data-scaytid="3">aussi</span> divers <span data-scayt_word="que" data-scaytid="4">que</span> le Front de Gauche, <span data-scayt_word="Debout" data-scaytid="5">Debout</span> la <span data-scayt_word="République" data-scaytid="6">R&eacute;publique</span> et des <span data-scayt_word="écologistes" data-scaytid="7">&eacute;cologistes</span> <span data-scayt_word="ont" data-scaytid="8">ont</span> <span data-scayt_word="manifesté" data-scaytid="9">manifest&eacute;</span>&nbsp;<span data-scayt_word="contre" data-scaytid="10">contre</span> la construction <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="11">&agrave;</span> Paris <span data-scayt_word="d'une" data-scaytid="12">d&#39;une</span> tour de 180 <span data-scayt_word="mètres" data-scaytid="13">m&egrave;tres</span> de <span data-scayt_word="haut" data-scaytid="14">haut</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min • 1

Bientôt un nouveau pont original à Bordeaux

<p> <span data-scayt_word="L'agence" data-scaytid="1">L&#39;agence</span> de <span data-scayt_word="l'architecte" data-scaytid="2">l&#39;architecte</span> <span data-scayt_word="néerlandais" data-scaytid="3">n&eacute;erlandais</span> <span data-scayt_word="Rem" data-scaytid="4">Rem</span> <span data-scayt_word="Koolhaas" data-scaytid="5">Koolhaas</span>&nbsp;a <span data-scayt_word="remporté" data-scaytid="8">remport&eacute;</span> le <span data-scayt_word="concours" data-scaytid="9">concours</span> <span data-scayt_word="lancé" data-scaytid="10">lanc&eacute;</span> par la <span data-scayt_word="Communauté" data-scaytid="11">Communaut&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="urbaine" data-scaytid="12">urbaine</span> de Bordeaux (CUB) pour la construction <span data-scayt_word="d'un" data-scaytid="13">d&#39;un</span> nouveau <span data-scayt_word="pont" data-scaytid="14">pont</span> <span data-scayt_word="sur" data-scaytid="15">sur</span> la <span data-scayt_word="Garonne" data-scaytid="16">Garonne.</span></p>

07 janv. 2026 • 3 min

Renzo Piano construira la nouvelle ENS Cachan à Saclay

<p> <span data-scayt_word="C'est" data-scaytid="625">C&#39;est</span> <span data-scayt_word="Renzo" data-scaytid="9">Renzo</span> Piano qui <span data-scayt_word="construira" data-scaytid="487">construira</span> l<span data-scayt_word="ses" data-scaytid="11">es</span> nouveaux <span data-scayt_word="locaux" data-scaytid="12">locaux</span> de la <span data-scayt_word="prestigieuse" data-scaytid="1">prestigieuse</span> <span data-scayt_word="Ecole" data-scaytid="2">Ecole</span> <span data-scayt_word="normale" data-scaytid="3">normale</span> <span data-scayt_word="supérieure" data-scaytid="4">sup&eacute;rieure</span> de <span data-scayt_word="Cachan" data-scaytid="5">Cachan</span> qui <span data-scayt_word="ouvriront" data-scaytid="13">ouvriront</span> <span data-scayt_word="leurs" data-scaytid="14">leurs</span> <span data-scayt_word="portes" data-scaytid="15">portes</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="16">&agrave;</span> la <span data-scayt_word="rentrée" data-scaytid="17">rentr&eacute;e</span> 2018 <span data-scayt_word="sur" data-scaytid="18">sur</span> le campus de <span data-scayt_word="Paris-Saclay" data-scaytid="19">Paris-Saclay</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min

Bordeaux va enfin disposer d'une grande salle de spectacles

<p> Un <span data-scayt_word="groupement" data-scaytid="1">groupement</span> de <span data-scayt_word="constructeurs" data-scaytid="2">constructeurs</span> <span data-scayt_word="mené" data-scaytid="731">men&eacute;</span> par Rudy <span data-scayt_word="Ricciotti" data-scaytid="5">Ricciotti</span> a <span data-scayt_word="été" data-scaytid="6">&eacute;t&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="choisi" data-scaytid="7">choisi</span> pour la construction et <span data-scayt_word="l'exploitation" data-scaytid="10">l&#39;exploitation</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'une" data-scaytid="11">d&#39;une</span> <span data-scayt_word="grande" data-scaytid="12">grande</span> <span data-scayt_word="salle" data-scaytid="13">salle</span> de spectacles de 10.000 places en <span data-scayt_word="banlieue" data-scaytid="14">banlieue</span> de Bordeaux.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min

Les ABF peuvent s'opposer à un accord privé

<p> <span data-scayt_word="L'obligation" data-scaytid="1">L&#39;obligation</span> <span data-scayt_word="prévue" data-scaytid="2">pr&eacute;vue</span> par un <span data-scayt_word="contrat" data-scaytid="3">contrat</span> <span data-scayt_word="entre" data-scaytid="4">entre</span> <span data-scayt_word="particuliers" data-scaytid="5">particuliers</span> ne <span data-scayt_word="peut" data-scaytid="6">peut</span> pas <span data-scayt_word="être" data-scaytid="7">&ecirc;tre</span> <span data-scayt_word="mise" data-scaytid="8">mise</span> en oeuvre <span data-scayt_word="si" data-scaytid="9">si</span> <span data-scayt_word="l'Architecte" data-scaytid="10">l&#39;Architecte</span> des <span data-scayt_word="Bâtiments" data-scaytid="11">B&acirc;timents</span> de France (<span data-scayt_word="ABF" data-scaytid="12">ABF</span>) <span data-scayt_word="s'y" data-scaytid="13">s&#39;y</span> oppose.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min • 6

Durabilité: quelle signification par les architectes européens

<p> Les <span data-scayt_word="architectes" data-scaytid="1">architectes</span> <span data-scayt_word="européens" data-scaytid="2">europ&eacute;ens</span> <span data-scayt_word="commencent" data-scaytid="3">commencent</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="4">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="réaliser" data-scaytid="5">r&eacute;aliser</span> <span data-scayt_word="que" data-scaytid="6">que</span> <span data-scayt_word="durabilité" data-scaytid="7">durabilit&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="signifie" data-scaytid="8">signifie</span> <span data-scayt_word="bien" data-scaytid="9">bien</span> plus <span data-scayt_word="qu'efficacité" data-scaytid="10">qu&#39;efficacit&eacute;</span> <span data-scayt_word="énergétique" data-scaytid="11">&eacute;nerg&eacute;tique</span>. <span data-scayt_word="Une" data-scaytid="12">Une</span> <span data-scayt_word="étude" data-scaytid="13">&eacute;tude</span> <span data-scayt_word="présentée" data-scaytid="14">pr&eacute;sent&eacute;e</span> par Arch Vision fait le point.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 3 min

Paola Vigano reçoit le Grand Prix de l'urbanisme 2013

<p> <span data-scayt_word="Cécile" data-scaytid="1">C&eacute;cile</span> <span data-scayt_word="Duflot" data-scaytid="2">Duflot</span> a <span data-scayt_word="remis" data-scaytid="3">remis</span> le Grand Prix de <span data-scayt_word="l'urbanisme" data-scaytid="4">l&#39;urbanisme</span> 2013 <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="5">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="l’architecte" data-scaytid="6">l&rsquo;architecte</span> <span data-scayt_word="italienne" data-scaytid="7">italienne</span> Paola <span data-scayt_word="Vigano" data-scaytid="8">Vigano</span>. <span data-scayt_word="C'est" data-scaytid="9">C&#39;est</span> la <span data-scayt_word="première" data-scaytid="10">premi&egrave;re</span> <span data-scayt_word="fois" data-scaytid="11">fois</span> <span data-scayt_word="qu'une" data-scaytid="12">qu&#39;une</span> femme <span data-scayt_word="reçoit" data-scaytid="13">re&ccedil;oit</span> <span data-scayt_word="cette" data-scaytid="14">cette</span> <span data-scayt_word="récompense" data-scaytid="15">r&eacute;compense</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min

Une femme à la tête de l'Ordre national des architectes

<p> Pour la <span data-scayt_word="première" data-scaytid="24">premi&egrave;re</span> <span data-scayt_word="fois" data-scaytid="25">fois</span>, le <span data-scayt_word="Conseil" data-scaytid="26">Conseil</span> national de <span data-scayt_word="l'Ordre" data-scaytid="27">l&#39;Ordre</span> des <span data-scayt_word="architectes" data-scaytid="28">architectes</span> a <span data-scayt_word="élu" data-scaytid="29">&eacute;lu</span> <span data-scayt_word="jeudi" data-scaytid="30">jeudi</span> <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="31">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="sa" data-scaytid="32">sa</span> <span data-scayt_word="présidence" data-scaytid="33">pr&eacute;sidence</span> <span data-scayt_word="une" data-scaytid="34">une</span> femme, Catherine <span data-scayt_word="Jacquot" data-scaytid="35">Jacquot</span>, <span data-scayt_word="architecte" data-scaytid="36">architecte</span> et <span data-scayt_word="urbaniste" data-scaytid="37">urbaniste</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 1 min

Prix de l'Equerre d'Argent 2013 au Musée du Louvre à Lens

<p> <span data-scayt_word="Equerre" data-scaytid="21">Equerre</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'argent" data-scaytid="22">d&#39;argent</span> : un prix, 2 mentions et <span data-scayt_word="une" data-scaytid="23">une</span>&nbsp;<span data-scayt_word="première" data-scaytid="25">premi&egrave;re</span> oeuvre <span data-scayt_word="décernés" data-scaytid="26">d&eacute;cern&eacute;s</span>&nbsp;<span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="27">&agrave;</span> des <span data-scayt_word="bâtiments" data-scaytid="29">b&acirc;timents</span> <span data-scayt_word="différents" data-scaytid="30">diff&eacute;rents</span>, <span data-scayt_word="allant" data-scaytid="31">allant</span> des 28 000 m&sup2; du Louvre de Lens <span data-scayt_word="à" data-scaytid="28">&agrave;</span> <span data-scayt_word="une" data-scaytid="24">une</span> extension de 400 m&sup2; en <span data-scayt_word="Auvergne" data-scaytid="32">Auvergne</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 4 min

La halle du marché Fontainebleau en cours de démolition

<p> La <span data-scayt_word="ville" data-scaytid="1">ville</span> de Fontainebleau a <span data-scayt_word="entrepris" data-scaytid="2">entrepris</span> la <span data-scayt_word="démolition" data-scaytid="4">d&eacute;molition</span> <span data-scayt_word="d'une" data-scaytid="5">d&#39;une</span> <span data-scayt_word="halle" data-scaytid="6">halle</span> de <span data-scayt_word="marché" data-scaytid="7">march&eacute;</span> des <span data-scayt_word="années" data-scaytid="10">ann&eacute;es</span> 1940, <span data-scayt_word="opération" data-scaytid="12">op&eacute;ration</span> <span data-scayt_word="contestée" data-scaytid="13">contest&eacute;e</span> par des associations <span data-scayt_word="sollicitant" data-scaytid="18">sollicitant</span> un <span data-scayt_word="classement" data-scaytid="19">classement</span> aux monuments <span data-scayt_word="historiques" data-scaytid="20">historiques</span>.</p>

07 janv. 2026 • 2 min